4What can be done ?

The responses vary depending on contexts and the adaptive capacities of societies. In areas threatened by drought, for example, techniques are being developed to harvest water from clouds or glaciers. In regions affected by extreme weather events such as storms and floods, traditional know-how is being rediscovered to rethink the architecture of housing.

Migration is also a form of adaptation. It sometimes occurs as a last resort, temporarily or permanently, when a community considers its living environment no longer habitable. These departures can be organized by public authorities through relocation plans. However, such approaches must address two challenges : preserving the culture linked to the place of origin and protecting newly urbanized areas.

aced with these issues, the role of international organizations is debated. Their financial and logistical support for local initiatives is essential, but some voices are calling for going further and demand the creation of safe migration pathways and better protection for those affected.

Far from being confined to the role of helpless victims, the people and states directly affected by climate change are implementing solutions to cope. Preserving ecosystems is essential to maintaining the habitability of territories. For example, coral reefs protect coastlines from rising sea levels and from the impact of waves during increasingly violent storms.

Nature, being inherently resilient, also inspires adaptation strategies. Techniques are being developed by humans to replicate the mechanisms of glaciers or to capture moisture from clouds in order to combat water scarcity.

When the environment deteriorates, it is sometimes necessary to rethink land-use planning by modifying buildings, reorganizing land use, or relocating populations.

At times visionary, science fiction imagines worlds in which only technology would make it possible to find solutions.

Long neglected in international policies, climate-related migration gained visibility starting in 2010 during COP16. The Cancún Agreement marks the first official international recognition of the impact of climate change on migration.

Other initiatives are gradually incorporating this issue, such as the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction adopted in 2015, which states that vulnerable populations, including migrants, must participate in decision-making, as they are often the most exposed. However, to date, the Geneva Convention, which has defined refugee status since 1951, still does not recognize climate as a valid reason for granting asylum.